我們(men)在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)超聲波(bo)清(qing)洗(xi)機時(shi)，經(jing)常(chang)會因為要(yao)去(qu)除那些難以清(qing)洗(xi)的(de)(de)(de)油(you)污(wu)、污(wu)垢(gou)而(er)去(qu)使(shi)用(yong)專業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)清(qing)洗(xi)劑(ji)，這稱(cheng)之為超聲波(bo)清(qing)洗(xi)劑(ji)。超聲波(bo)在(zai)液(ye)體中的(de)(de)(de)空化作用(yong)，使(shi)污(wu)物層被分(fen)散、乳化、剝離而(er)達到清(qing)洗(xi)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)。它是一種物理清(qing)洗(xi)，是一種輔助清(qing)洗(xi)手段，在(zai)清(qing)洗(xi)過程中起(qi)到的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)是加速清(qing)洗(xi)速度(du)。

下面就來了解洗超聲波清洗劑基本的概念。

1、什么是超聲波清洗劑？

       清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)劑(ji)是(shi)指(zhi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)或(huo)多種(zhong)(zhong)物(wu)(wu)質分(fen)(fen)散(san)到另一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)物(wu)(wu)質里，形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)均(jun)一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)、穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)混合物(wu)(wu)。由(you)清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)定(ding)義可知，清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)劑(ji)是(shi)由(you)兩種(zhong)(zhong)或(huo)兩種(zhong)(zhong)以上的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)質組(zu)成(cheng)，在物(wu)(wu)質分(fen)(fen)類(lei)上屬于混合物(wu)(wu)。清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)特征是(shi)均(jun)一(yi)(yi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)。所謂均(jun)一(yi)(yi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)指(zhi)溶(rong)液中各部分(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)組(zu)成(cheng)和(he)性(xing)(xing)(xing)質完全相同。所謂穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)，是(shi)指(zhi)如果溫度(du)不改變，清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)劑(ji)不蒸發(fa)，清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)劑(ji)自身就不會(hui)發(fa)生任(ren)何化學作用。

       清洗劑是一類比較特殊的混合物。其他一些混合物一般沒有固定的組成，而清洗劑則相對來說比較穩定。一般來說，超聲波清洗機都是是使用水基型清洗劑清洗。

2、溶質和溶劑

       溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液的(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和溶(rong)(rong)(rong)劑兩部(bu)分(fen)組(zu)成。溶(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)被溶(rong)(rong)(rong)解的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，可以是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)固體，也可以是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)氣體或液體。但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)只(zhi)有已經溶(rong)(rong)(rong)解的(de)(de)(de)那(nei)部(bu)分(fen)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才(cai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，如果有仍(reng)未(wei)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)解的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，那(nei)么(me)未(wei)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)解的(de)(de)(de)那(nei)部(bu)分(fen)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。溶(rong)(rong)(rong)劑是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)能夠溶(rong)(rong)(rong)解其他(ta)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)劑一般(ban)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)液體，最常見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)劑是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)水。

       如(ru)果是(shi)固體(ti)(ti)(ti)或氣體(ti)(ti)(ti)溶(rong)(rong)解在(zai)液(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)中，那么(me)固體(ti)(ti)(ti)或氣體(ti)(ti)(ti)是(shi)溶(rong)(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)，液(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)是(shi)溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)。如(ru)果是(shi)兩種液(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)互溶(rong)(rong)，一般水作為溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)，若(ruo)沒有水，則(ze)量(liang)(liang)多的液(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)為溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)，量(liang)(liang)少的液(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)為溶(rong)(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)。溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)=溶(rong)(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)+溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)，但是(shi)由于(yu)微(wei)粒(li)之間有空隙，在(zai)溶(rong)(rong)解過程中，溶(rong)(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)的微(wei)粒(li)和(he)溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)的微(wei)粒(li)會填補一部分空隙，在(zai)溶(rong)(rong)解過程中，溶(rong)(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)的微(wei)粒(li)和(he)溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)的微(wei)粒(li)會填補一部分空隙，因此溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)積≠溶(rong)(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)積+溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)積。

3、超聲波清洗劑的分(fen)類

       超聲波清(qing)洗(xi)劑(ji)有(you)(you)兩種(zhong)類別，一(yi)種(zhong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)根據溶液(ye)(ye)的濃度，可以把(ba)溶液(ye)(ye)分為(wei)濃溶液(ye)(ye)和(he)稀(xi)溶液(ye)(ye)；另(ling)一(yi)種(zhong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)根據在一(yi)定(ding)條件下(xia)能(neng)否繼續溶解某(mou)種(zhong)溶質把(ba)溶液(ye)(ye)分為(wei)飽和(he)溶液(ye)(ye)和(he)不(bu)飽和(he)溶液(ye)(ye)。濃溶液(ye)(ye)和(he)稀(xi)溶液(ye)(ye)只是(shi)(shi)(shi)相對而言，沒有(you)(you)具體的標準。

       飽(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)(he)(he)不(bu)(bu)(bu)飽(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)：在(zai)一(yi)(yi)定溫度(du)下，一(yi)(yi)定量的(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)劑(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)繼續溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解某(mou)種(zhong)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質的(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)奇(qi)偶做這(zhe)種(zhong)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質的(de)飽(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)：還能(neng)繼續溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解某(mou)種(zhong)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質的(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)叫(jiao)做這(zhe)種(zhong)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質的(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)飽(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)否(fou)飽(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)必須(xu)強(qiang)調“在(zai)一(yi)(yi)定溫度(du)下”和(he)(he)(he)(he)“在(zai)一(yi)(yi)定量溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)劑(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)”。因(yin)為(wei)溫度(du)和(he)(he)(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)劑(ji)量的(de)改(gai)(gai)變(bian)(bian)(bian)會(hui)使(shi)飽(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)變(bian)(bian)(bian)為(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)飽(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，也(ye)可以使(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)飽(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)變(bian)(bian)(bian)為(wei)飽(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。飽(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)與(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)飽(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)是(shi)(shi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)一(yi)(yi)定條件的(de)狀態(tai)(tai)，如果條件改(gai)(gai)變(bian)(bian)(bian)，狀態(tai)(tai)也(ye)會(hui)改(gai)(gai)變(bian)(bian)(bian)。此外溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)飽(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)，還要指明是(shi)(shi)某(mou)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質。因(yin)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質的(de)飽(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)說溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質不(bu)(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)定只有(you)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)，如汽水是(shi)(shi)CO2氣體(ti)的(de)飽(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，是(shi)(shi)糖(tang)的(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)飽(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)在(zai)一(yi)(yi)定條件下再(zai)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)CO2，但還可再(zai)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解糖(tang)。

       濃(nong)(nong)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)一(yi)與(yu)稀溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)，飽(bao)和(he)(he)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)與(yu)不(bu)飽(bao)和(he)(he)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)是(shi)兩種(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)同(tong)的分類方法(fa)。二者之間沒有必然(ran)的聯系。對于不(bu)同(tong)的溶(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)，或是(shi)同(tong)種(zhong)(zhong)溶(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)但溫(wen)度不(bu)同(tong)，飽(bao)和(he)(he)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)不(bu)一(yi)定是(shi)濃(nong)(nong)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)，不(bu)飽(bao)和(he)(he)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)不(bu)一(yi)定是(shi)稀溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)。對于同(tong)種(zhong)(zhong)溶(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)，同(tong)一(yi)溫(wen)度下，飽(bao)和(he)(he)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)比(bi)不(bu)飽(bao)和(he)(he)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)濃(nong)(nong)。